(Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary 2012)
Creationism-defense of the literal account in Genesis and seeks to reconcile scientific evidence with this account
Intelligent Design (ID)-theory that holds certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause (www.intelligentdesign.org/whatsid.php)
Evolution-changes in the features of individuals in a biological population that occur over the course of generations; changes in allele frequencies
Microevolution-changes in allele frequencies that occur over time within a population
Macroevolution-evolution at a large scale (above the species level) due to the accumulations of microevolutionary changes (Biology: Science for Life with Physiology Belk & Borden Maier, 2010)
Natural Selection-process by which individuals with certain traits have greater survival and reproduction than individuals who lack these traits (Biology: Science for Life with Physiology Belk & Borden Maier, 2010)
Allele-alternative form of a gene or trait encoded in DNA (Biology: Science for Life with Physiology Belk & Borden Maier, 2010)
Darwinism-Darwinism identifies a core set of concepts, principles and methodological maxims that were first articulated and defended by Charles Darwin and which continue to be identified with a certain approach to evolutionary questions (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/darwinism/)
Homology-traits inherited by two different organisms from a common ancestor (http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/similarity_hs_01)
Cosmology-the scientific study of the large scale properties of the universe as a whole; it uses the
Creationism-defense of the literal account in Genesis and seeks to reconcile scientific evidence with this account
Intelligent Design (ID)-theory that holds certain features of the universe and of living things are best explained by an intelligent cause (www.intelligentdesign.org/whatsid.php)
Evolution-changes in the features of individuals in a biological population that occur over the course of generations; changes in allele frequencies
Microevolution-changes in allele frequencies that occur over time within a population
Macroevolution-evolution at a large scale (above the species level) due to the accumulations of microevolutionary changes (Biology: Science for Life with Physiology Belk & Borden Maier, 2010)
Natural Selection-process by which individuals with certain traits have greater survival and reproduction than individuals who lack these traits (Biology: Science for Life with Physiology Belk & Borden Maier, 2010)
Allele-alternative form of a gene or trait encoded in DNA (Biology: Science for Life with Physiology Belk & Borden Maier, 2010)
Darwinism-Darwinism identifies a core set of concepts, principles and methodological maxims that were first articulated and defended by Charles Darwin and which continue to be identified with a certain approach to evolutionary questions (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/darwinism/)
Homology-traits inherited by two different organisms from a common ancestor (http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/similarity_hs_01)
Cosmology-the scientific study of the large scale properties of the universe as a whole; it uses the
scientific method to understand the origin, evolution and ultimate fate of the entire Universe.
(http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/WMAP_Universe.pdf)
Cosmic microwave background radiation- radiation that is remnant heat left over from the Big
Bang (http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/bb_tests_cmb.html)
Singularity-state at which the space time curvature, along with temperature, density, and pressure
become infinite; hot, dense state that is recognized as the beginning of our universe in the Big Bang
model (p. 107)
Anthropic Principle-connections between physical constants that seem to be necessary for the
existence of life in the universe (http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/Cosmo/ant_encyc.pdf)
Big Bang Theory-standard cosmological model stating that the universe expanded from a hot dense
state between 12 and 14 million years ago into the universe as we know it today
(http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/WMAP_Universe.pdf)
Inflation-an extremely rapid period of expansion at the beginning of our universe; seeks to address
issues in the standard Big Bang model
(http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/CosmologyEssays/The_Standard_Cosmology.html)
Ockham’s Razor-principle stating that ‘entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily (http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/occam.html)
Copernican Principle/Principle of Mediocrity-states that the Earth is not the center of the universe, and that, as observers, we don’t occupy a special place (http://phys.org/news130673436.html)
Galactic Habitable Zone-zone in the galaxy where habitable planets might be possible (p. 167)
Globular Clusters-highly concentrated groups of stars; typically contain some of the oldest stars
Circumstellar Habitable Zone-region around a star where you can have liquid water on the surface of a terrestrial planet; determined by the amount of light received from a host star (p. 174)
Albedo-proportion of sunlight a planet reflects for temperature regulation (p. 183)
Design-purposeful arrangement of parts (Darwin’s Black Box, p. 193)
Black Box-device that does something but whose inner workings are mysterious-sometimes because the workings can’t be seen, and sometimes because they just aren’t comprehensible (Darwin’s Black Box, p. 6)
Irreducible Complexity-single system composed of several well-matched, interacting parts that contribute to the basic function, wherein the removal of any one part causes the system to effectively cease functioning (Darwin’s Black Box, p. 39)
Cascade-a series of chemical reactions in which the products of one reaction are consumed in the next reaction
Dysteleology-examines the purposeless of structures in nature
Greenhouse Effect-refers to circumstances where the short wavelengths of visible light from the sun pass through a transparent medium and are absorbed, but the longer wavelengths of the infrared re-radiation from the heated objects are unable to pass through that medium; the trapping of the long wavelength radiation leads to more heating and a higher resultant temperature (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/grnhse.html)
Plate Tectonics-large scale motions of the Earth’s lithosphere
God of the Gaps-process of inserting God when you don’t have any other explanation; derogatory phrase used to describe what are termed ‘arguments from ignorance’ (p. 207)
Consciousness-quality or state of being aware of an external object or something within oneself
Sentience-ability to have sensations or experiences
Sapience-having wisdom or discernment
Neuroplasticity-the ability of the human brain to change as a result of one’s experience; also known
as brain plasticity or neural plasticity
(http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/WMAP_Universe.pdf)
Cosmic microwave background radiation- radiation that is remnant heat left over from the Big
Bang (http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/bb_tests_cmb.html)
Singularity-state at which the space time curvature, along with temperature, density, and pressure
become infinite; hot, dense state that is recognized as the beginning of our universe in the Big Bang
model (p. 107)
Anthropic Principle-connections between physical constants that seem to be necessary for the
existence of life in the universe (http://www.colorado.edu/philosophy/vstenger/Cosmo/ant_encyc.pdf)
Big Bang Theory-standard cosmological model stating that the universe expanded from a hot dense
state between 12 and 14 million years ago into the universe as we know it today
(http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/universe/WMAP_Universe.pdf)
Inflation-an extremely rapid period of expansion at the beginning of our universe; seeks to address
issues in the standard Big Bang model
(http://cosmology.berkeley.edu/Education/CosmologyEssays/The_Standard_Cosmology.html)
Ockham’s Razor-principle stating that ‘entities should not be multiplied unnecessarily (http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/occam.html)
Copernican Principle/Principle of Mediocrity-states that the Earth is not the center of the universe, and that, as observers, we don’t occupy a special place (http://phys.org/news130673436.html)
Galactic Habitable Zone-zone in the galaxy where habitable planets might be possible (p. 167)
Globular Clusters-highly concentrated groups of stars; typically contain some of the oldest stars
Circumstellar Habitable Zone-region around a star where you can have liquid water on the surface of a terrestrial planet; determined by the amount of light received from a host star (p. 174)
Albedo-proportion of sunlight a planet reflects for temperature regulation (p. 183)
Design-purposeful arrangement of parts (Darwin’s Black Box, p. 193)
Black Box-device that does something but whose inner workings are mysterious-sometimes because the workings can’t be seen, and sometimes because they just aren’t comprehensible (Darwin’s Black Box, p. 6)
Irreducible Complexity-single system composed of several well-matched, interacting parts that contribute to the basic function, wherein the removal of any one part causes the system to effectively cease functioning (Darwin’s Black Box, p. 39)
Cascade-a series of chemical reactions in which the products of one reaction are consumed in the next reaction
Dysteleology-examines the purposeless of structures in nature
Greenhouse Effect-refers to circumstances where the short wavelengths of visible light from the sun pass through a transparent medium and are absorbed, but the longer wavelengths of the infrared re-radiation from the heated objects are unable to pass through that medium; the trapping of the long wavelength radiation leads to more heating and a higher resultant temperature (http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/thermo/grnhse.html)
Plate Tectonics-large scale motions of the Earth’s lithosphere
God of the Gaps-process of inserting God when you don’t have any other explanation; derogatory phrase used to describe what are termed ‘arguments from ignorance’ (p. 207)
Consciousness-quality or state of being aware of an external object or something within oneself
Sentience-ability to have sensations or experiences
Sapience-having wisdom or discernment
Neuroplasticity-the ability of the human brain to change as a result of one’s experience; also known
as brain plasticity or neural plasticity
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